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Megan McCauley
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Arts, Artisans and Craftsmen by Henry J, Megan and Chelsea
Started Dec. 3, 2008
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Ruling Party: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) over the years, have become more conservative, authoritarian and corrupt following the Cardenas Reforms. In the 1960's there was a huge demand for democracy. Those who opposed the PRI wer…
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Comment Wall (9 comments)
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- At 9:21pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Citations
Primary Source
Child Labor Accounts (England), 1833." DISCovering World History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center - College Edition. Gale. MARY INSTITUTE & ST LOUIS DAY SCHOOL. 25 Sep. 2008
Picture:
http://search.msn.com/images/results.aspx?q=working+children+industrial+revolution&go=&form=QBIR#focal=552e4630f405e9bcf6ad0277848fc0bb&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fecole.pagespro-orange.fr%2Fcollege.saintebarbe%2Fvictoria%2Fimages%2Fenfants.jpg
Websites
"Child Labor in Factories." Child labor in factories during the industrial revolution. .
"Child Labour & the Industrial Revolution." Nettlesworth Primary School. .
Reed, Lawrence W. "Child Labor and the British Industrial Revolution." Mackinack center. 7 Dec. 2001. .
- At 9:19pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Blog Entry 4:
No this cannot happen. I am too ill to work and my employer Mr. Millness will not let me work anymore. I saved up all those wages for nuthin’ and now Mama and Papa need my extra wages that I saved to pay for meals cause I ain’t workin no more. I have been sick for a while and doctors say they don’t know if I’s gonna live for long. I feel fine really I’s just been gettin’ tired lots and don’t wants to eat no more. Looks like I may never get to be a doctor if I don’t gets to go to no secondary school. Well better go rest. Maybe I’ll get better and I’ll get to work again. Let’s hope for the best. Good night.
- At 9:19pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Blog Entry 3:
I gots beat up at the factory today. I’s unclogging a clogged machine for the women spinnin’ the thread and the factory owner kicked me in the butt because I’s takin’ too long and he nudged me soo hard that I hit my head hard and got pricked by the machine. I gots lots of scabs and brusies and now I ain’t allowed to go to work which is not good. I have to work cause I have to earn that money for secondary school. All my friends get to go now cause their parents are pitching in but Mama and Papa can’t afford to help me pay for school so I gots to do it all on my own. Well I better go and gets some sleep because I am hurting really bad.
- At 9:18pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Blog Entry 2:
Oh I got to sleep in today because Mama wouldn’t let me go in early to make the extra wages. She thinks I’m gonna work myself to death but I needs that money ya see cause I wants to be a doctor. I’ve only been to one class of secondary school cause I haven’t been able to afford more. My mother seems to have to force food into my mouth cause I just ain’t hungry anymore. I almost got enough money for secondary school now. I’ve been working overhours for a long time ‘xept this morning. Well I hope I eats some good dinner tonight, because tomorrow I am getting up extra early to work overhours to make a few extra wages. I better go and gets some sleep cause I’m very tired from work.
- At 9:18pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Blog Entry 1:
I woke up today at half past five because I’s wanted to gets to work early to please the boss ‘cause I needs a raise. I want to make ‘nough wages to go to secondary school. I knows the basics of the three r’s but I wants to learn more. I wants to be a doctor someday when I gets old enough. Anyway, I went to work but I didn’t get enough time to eats some breakfast. I should’ve though. See I’s been eatin’ no breakfast for the past five days cause I’ve been trying to please the boss. I’m gettin’ sick now. I come home so beat up everyday cause of the m’chines. Mum says I falls asleep over my food at dinner. I don’t want to get too sick or else I won’t ever get my chance to become a doctor. Well I gots to go try to eat some dinner tonight so I gots enough energy to work overhours tomorrow.
- At 9:17pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
- Primary Source:
Child Labor Accounts (England), 1833
When the Industrial Revolution brought factories to England, thousands of little boys and girls, sometimes not more than five or six years old, were employed in tending the machines. Their wages were often merely a pittance, and their hours of work long enough to have worn out even strong adults. Even before the close of the eighteenth century the attention of philanthropists was drawn to the miserable condition of mill workers, and reformers began to urge upon Parliament the necessity of making special provisions to safeguard the health and welfare of the children. In order to learn the real state of affairs, Parliament from time to time appointed commissioners, whose voluminous reports revealed the actual condition of the little workers in the mills.
Charles Harris, a boy working in the carding room of Mr. Oldacres's mill for spinning worsted yarn, testified as follows:
I am twelve years old. I have been in the mill twelve months. I attend to a drawing machine. We begin at six o'clock and stop at half past seven. We don't stop work for breakfast. We do sometimes. This week we have not. Nothing has been said to me by Mr. Oldacres or the overlooker, or anybody else, about having any questions asked me. I am sure of that. The engine always stops for dinner. It works at tea time in the hot weather; and then we give over at half past seven instead of eight, which is the general time. We have generally about twelve hours and a half of it. On Saturdays we begin at six and give over at four. I get 2s. 6d. a week. I have a father and mother, and give them what I earn. I have worked overhours for two or three weeks together about a fortnight since. All the difference was, we worked breakfast time and tea time, and did not go away till eight. We are paid for such overhours at the rate of 2d. for three hours. I have always that for myself.
What do you do with it?
I save it for clothes sometimes. I put it into a money club for clothes. I have worked nine hours over in one week. I got for that 5 1/2 d. I gave it my mother, and she made it up to 6d. and put it into the money club. She always puts by 6d. a week from my wages for that.
Then your mother gets what you earn by the overhours, don't she?
No; I gets it for myself.
Do you work overhours or not, just as you like?
No; them as works must work. . . .
If overhours are put on next week, shall you be glad or sorry?
It won't signify. I shall be neither glad nor sorry. Sometimes mother gives me a halfpenny to spend.
What do you do with it?
I saves it to buy shoes. Have never saved above a shilling for that; mother put more to it, and bought me a pair. . . .
Don't you play sometimes after work's over?
Yes, sometimes.
Well, are you not sorry to lose that?
No, I don't mind about it. I am quite sure I don't. I am sometimes tired when I have been at work long hours. I am not tired now; I have been at work all day except dinner; it is now five o'clock. I am sure I had rather work as I do than lose any of my wages. I go to school of a Sunday sometimes. I went first about a month ago. I have been every Sunday since. I can only read in the alphabet yet. I mean to go regular. There is no reason why I should not. I wants to be a scholar.
The father of two children in a mill at Lenton deposed as follows:
My two sons (one ten, the other thirteen) work at Milnes's factory at Lenton. They go at half past five in the morning; don't stop at breakfast or tea time. They stop at dinner half an hour. Come home at a quarter before ten. They used to work till ten, sometimes eleven, sometimes twelve. They earn between them 6s. 2d. per week. One of them, the eldest, worked at Wilson's for two years, at 2s. 3d. per week. He left because the overlooker beat him and loosened a tooth for him. I complained, and they turned him away for it. They have been gone to work sixteen hours now; they will be very tired when they come home at half past nine. I have a deal of trouble to get 'em up in the morning. I have been obliged to beat 'em with a strap in their shirts, and to pinch 'em, in order to get them well awake. It made me cry to be obliged to do it.
Did you make them cry?
Yes, sometimes. They will be home soon, very tired; and you will see them.
I [i.e. the government inspector] preferred walking towards the factory to meet them. I saw the youngest only, and asked him a few questions. He said, "I'm sure I shan't stop to talk to you; I want to go home and get to bed; I must be up at half past five again to-morrow morning."
A family in the same town of Lenton gave the following evidence:
The boy. I am going fourteen; my sister is eleven. I have worked in Milnes's factory two years. She goes there also. We are both in the clearing room. I think we work too long hours; I've been badly with it. We go at half past five; give over at half past nine. I am now just come home. We sometimes stay till twelve. We are obliged to work overhours. I have 4s. a week; that is for staying from six to seven. They pay for overhours besides. I asked to come away one night lately, at eight o'clock, being ill; I was told, if I went I must not come again. I am not well now. I can seldom eat any breakfast; my appetite is very bad. I have had a bad cold for a week.
Father. I believe him to be ill from being overworked. My little girl came home the other day cruelly beaten. I took her to Mr. Milnes; did not see him, but showed Mrs. Milnes the marks. I thought of taking it before a magistrate, but was advised to let it drop. They might have turned both my children away. That man's name is Blagg; he is always strapping the children. I shan't let the boy go there much longer; I shall try to apprentice him; it's killing him by inches; he falls asleep over his food at night. I saw an account of such things in the newspapers, and thought how true it was of my own children.
Mother. I have worked in the same mills myself. The same man was there then. I have seen him behave shocking to the children. He would take 'em by the hair of the head and drag 'em about the room. He has been there twelve years. There's many young ones in that hot room. There's six of 'em badly now, with bad eyes and sick headache. This boy of ours has always been delicate from a child. His appetite is very bad now; he does not eat his breakfast sometimes for two or three days together. The little girl bears it well; she is healthy. I would prefer their coming home at seven, without additional wages. The practice of working overhours has been constantly pursued at Milnes's factory.
Primary Source Summary:
This primary source is a great way to know just how much the factories worked children for the little wages that the kids earned. It is a series of interviews of not only children, but from parents as well. The first boy that was interviewed explained that he works overtime to earn a few extra wages because he needs the money for his family but also because he wants to save up to buy new shoes and new clothes. The children who work in those factories had maybe two pairs of clothes at the most because their families could not afford new things because they had to be able to feed their children and themselves. Charles also explained that he didn’t really have time to play outside because he worked so much. He dreamed of becoming a scholar but due to work, he could only go to school on Sundays and as a result he only knows the alphabet.
One father explained that his two sons go to work in a factory and don’t earn nearly as much wages as they deserve for their work. He is upset with the factory owner because his sons have to wake up so early and stay out so late working and they barely have any time for themselves and they come home so tired at night that they pretty much just go right to bed. He is upset with himself because he finds that he is obliged to make sure his sons are awake to get to work on time and so he has to sometimes beat or pinch them which makes them cry occasionally.
A fourteen year old boy and his sister worked in a factory earning very little wages and in his opinion he works too many hours for the little wages he makes and he found that too much work has really hurt him as he is sick and tired because he is forced to work overtime. Because he is so tired he has a bad appetite. His parents were worried that he was getting worse because he would fall asleep in his food at dinner and from his working overtime. His little sister is healthy but she comes home beaten from her job which hurt her and made her tired.
Overall this primary source gives a great deal of information on what child labor was like during the industrial revolution especially because this has interviews with real children about their daily lives and what they had to go through and overcome.
- At 9:16pm on September 25, 2008,
Megan McCauley said…
Picture Summary:
This is an image of children working in a factory moving large pieces of coal. This image was created to show the pain and suffering that many children had to go through in order to bring back a very small amount of money to their families. This image is showing mostly girls working with the coal rather than boys because employers knew that girls would work for less money and they wanted to pay as little as possible to children who would work just as hard. These children are very dirty and un-hygienic and wear ragged old clothing because they could barely afford to pay for a new pair of clothes unless they didn’t want to eat.
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